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Film censorship in the United States
This article is about film censorship in the United States.
==History==
The first act of movie censorship in the United States was an 1897 statute of the State of Maine that prohibited the exhibition of prizefight films. Maine enacted the statute to prevent the exhibition of the 1897 heavyweight championship between James J. Corbett and Robert Fitzsimmons. Some other states followed Maine.
In 1915, the US Supreme Court decided the case ''Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio'' in which the court determined that motion pictures were purely commerce and not an art, and thus not covered by the First Amendment. This decision was not overturned until the Supreme Court case, ''Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson'' in 1952. Popularly referred to as the "Miracle Decision", the ruling involved the short film "The Miracle", part of Roberto Rossellini's anthology film ''L'Amore'' (1948).
Between the ''Mutual Film'' and the ''Joseph Burstyn'' decisions local, state, and city censorship boards had the power to edit or ban films. City and state censorship ordinances are nearly as old as the movies themselves, and such ordinances banning the public exhibition of "immoral" films proliferated. In New York, for example, a state office tasked with reviewing and censoring films operated between 1921 and 1965.
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